Prior to August 12, 1994, the access code for off-campus numbers was 9. The outside access code was changed to 8 to reduce the volume of erroneous E911 calls, which had totaled 274 in a 60-day period. A study had found that the greatest number of erroneous E911 calls resulted from misdialed long-distance numbers, which required dialing an initial 9 to access off-campus service, then 1 to signify a long-distance call. Accidentally double striking the 1 sent the call to the E911 Center. Because most callers hung up when they realized they had reached the E911 number, the calls resulted in the automatic dispatch of police, since every hang-up call received by E911 was treated as an emergency. The studies showed an even distribution of misdialing among students, faculty/staff, and campus visitors.